1. Auditing
It involves the examination of financial statements and generally forms an important part of the work of a practicing CA. All limited companies must have their financial statements audited by an outside CA. The major duties of a company’s auditor are examining and verifying the company’s financial statements; appraising the company’s procedure for collecting, recording and reporting financial information; testing the controls by which the company protects its financial system from frauds and errors; and publishing an independent professional opinion as to whether company’s financial statements give a “true and fair view” of its financial affairs.
Auditing improves the reliability of monetary intelligences organized by an enterprise. By ensuring that the monetary declarations are correct and complete, auditing increase their reliability and usefulness for making financial results by investors, creditor’s, analysts and other usefulness for making economic decisions by investors, creditor’s, analysts and other. Credible financial reports are essential for society to have trust in public companies.
Auditors must be both technically competent in their work and independent of the enterprise whose financial statements they audit. A rigorous system of raining and examination certifies that auditors possess the requisite technical skill but it is not always easy for auditors to be independent of the enterprise that engage and pays them. At a minimum, auditors should carefully avoid transactions and client relationship that could compromise their ability to express an independent professional opinion on its financial statements.
2. Tax Services
Business enterprise has to consider the tax consequences of alternative courses of action. Tax services include not only preparation of tax returns and compliance with tax laws but also planning business activities with a view to minimize the taxes. It is possible to affects considerable savings in tax expense by appropriately arranging one’s business affairs. While evasion of taxes is definitely unlawful, it is perfectly legitimate for everyone to decrease their tax expense. To be successful in tax practice, an accountant should be up to date with changes in tax statutes, rules, notifications and circulars as well as court decision.
3. Management Advisory Services
A Significant part of the revenues of large accounting firms comes from management advisory services, an omnibus term for an extensive variety of consulting activities. These services go beyond the old-fashioned boundaries of accounting and auditing. Consulting Assignments include:
• Recruiting suitable personnel
• Reviewing costing systems
• Helping with the design
• Helping growing companies go public
4. Small Business Services
Many bookkeeping organizations provide a variety of services for small business. Setting up a bookkeeping system, compiling financial statements, preparing budgets and forecasts, assisting the client in obtaining a bank loan are examples of small business services.